The results of principal component analysis show that the level of economic development in Jilin Province has always maintained a steady and rapid growth trend, while the level of environmental pollution has also shown a downward trend, but the individual year rebound. The relationship between economic development level and environmental quality in Jilin Province does not conform to the typical Kuznets curve. With the improvement of economic development level in Jilin Province, the environmental quality showed a gradual improvement, followed by deterioration, in recent years has improved the path sign.