Abstract: The externality and utility of digital transformation investment, the dependence and unpredictability of output resources, and the increasing diversity of user needs force the establishment of a government-industry-university-research-user cooperation mechanism. Based on the perspective of open integration of user data, a tripartite evolutionary game model is built to depict the current situation of digital transformation of government-industry-university-research-user guided by the government, led by the industry, university and research party, and participated by users, and to analyze the collaborative process, effect and influencing factors of digital transformation. It is found that the establishment of the digital transformation mechanism of government-industry-university-research-user based on the coupling of data elements is an inevitableoutcome of the process of data opening. In the long run, the establishment of the digital transformation mechanism guided by data opening should be the first strategic choice. On this basis, taking automobile enterprises as an example, the simulation analysis is carried out based on the collaboration mechanism before the data opening level reaches the ideal state, and it is found that: First, the digital transformation system is path dependent and adaptive. A certain degree of subject participation potential energy, especially user participation potential energy, is the premise for establishing deep collaboration among subjects. In the process of digital transformation, there is adaptability between government functions and market economy. Second, the main force has effectiveness, necessity and conditional selectivity. Increasing incentives for end users by the collaborative main body will promote the establishment of the collaborative mechanism. The incentive effect based on the transformation of the internal resource form of the system is stronger than the incentive effect with resource spillover. The intervention effect of administrative means is stronger than that of economic means. Insufficient investment in incentive capital will weaken the stability and effectiveness of the collaboration. Thedynamic and adaptive intervention measures are an important guarantee for the sound development of the transformation mechanism. Third, the intensity of user demand matc hing acts on the evolution of the system path through the value conversion rate. The matching degree between the subject's digital development ability and the user's demand expression ability determines the value transmission efficiency. The value transmission rate below the critical value has a blocking effect on the collaborative mechanism of digital transformation. Finally, from the perspective of user data acquisition and development, three suggestions are put forward: carry out data security governance, establish a market operation mechanism, and strengthen the control of main demand. Based on multiple perspectives, the research deeply analyzed the different influencing factors and paths of digital transformation mechanism, providing a reference for the construction of multi-agent collaborative relationship under the background of digital transformation.

Keywords: Digital transformation; Tripartite evolutionary game; Open data integration