Abstract: The development of poverty alleviation industry has the dual policy objectives of “poverty reduction”and“effectiveness”．This paper measures the efficiency of China’s poverty alleviation industry development based on the stochastic frontier production function model．The results show that the development of China’s poverty alleviation industry has sacrificed a certain degree of economic efficiency in industrial selection due to the goal restraint of “poverty allevia- tion”．There are typical differences in the economic efficiency of poverty alleviation industries in different provinces．Poverty alleviation industries in provinces with low pressures of poverty allevia- tion have higher efficiency，while the poverty alleviation industries in regions with high poverty alleviation pressures have greater efficiency losses.For the areas with low poverty alleviation pres- sure，to improve the effect of industrial poverty alleviation，attention should be concentrated on further balancing the equity and poverty reduction of the industries; For the regions with high poverty alleviation pressure，the key to industrial poverty alleviation should focus on selecting poverty alleviation industries according to local conditions，thereby improving the economic efficiency of industrial poverty alleviation，helping poverty-stricken people to increase income and get rid of poverty through developing the industries，and forming a benign operation mechanism which pro- motes fairness by efficiency．

Key words: Industrial Poverty Alleviation; Poverty Alleviation Industry; Poverty Reduction; Economic Efficiency; SFA Model