Abstract:This paper conducts a dynamic evolutionary game analysis of the intergenerational transmission of poverty between fathers and sons with policy choice as the starting point． The findings prove that the poverty culture formed by long－term poverty is the inherent root of poverty; it is an inevitable result of the persistent intergenerational transmission． Based on this，this paper explains the mechanism of this poverty，and the reasons why the poor cannot shake off their poverty by themselves，but need the external force from the government． Combining the social environment variables determined by the policy factors in the model，this paper further explores the policy choices that are considered as most conducive to poverty alleviation at present，such as，transforming short－term targeted poverty alleviation into long－term mechanism alleviation，adjusting the use of limited poverty alleviation funds under financial pressure，paying more attention to human capital improvement of the poor family descendants，and promoting equal opportunities，so as to reduce the social security level． This paper concludes that the intergenerational transmission of poverty can be blocked and later eliminated in China with ideological guidance and policy support working together．

Key words: the intergenerational transmission of poverty; evolutionary game; equal opportunities