Abstract：The internal driving force of civilization process comes from income and welfare. In this paper, on the basis of the classical theory of urbanization, we constructed the civilization theoretical model accords with the practice of dual economy in China, analyzed the determinants of civilization equilibrium level with comparative static analysis, and considered the civilization subjective wishes of migrants, through a micro empirical study, proved the correctness of theoretical hypothesis. The results show that the improvement of income and welfare level will promote civilization, rural pull has inhibiting effect. Further research shows that the transferring of agricultural population in civilization process have obvious “demand tendency”, the improvement of children education, political participation as well as vocational training will mostly promote civilization process. We hold that: the single household register system reform is not the key to promote civilization, only by separating welfare policy from census register, steadily promoting the reform of residence system, gradually improving welfare of migrants and reducing welfare discrimination, can enhance the standard of China’s civilization.

Key words: Agricultural Transfer Population   Civilization   Welfare   Capability